PRESBYOPIA
The ability to see clearly at different distances is something most people take for granted throughout early adulthood. Reading a menu, viewing a mobile phone, focussing on a monitor, reviewing documents and recognising faces across a room all rely upon the eye's remarkable ability to continuously adjust focus. These adjustments in focus are achieved seamlessly for most humans in the first three to four decades of life, through flexion of the ciliary muscles and adjustment in the size and refractive power of the lens (1). Over time, however, due to natural physiological processes, this flexibility gradually diminishes (2). The result is presbyopia, an age-related change in visual function that affects virtually every individual and commonly becomes noticeable during the fourth and fifth decades of life(1, 2).
Although presbyopia is a natural part of ageing, its impact upon quality of life is substantial and difficult to adapt to (3,4). Modern lifestyles demand clear, dynamic and comfortable vision across multiple viewing distances throughout the day. Whether responding to emails, working with digital devices, reading fine print, driving, engaging in hobbies or enjoying social interactions, reduced near vision can affect productivity, visual comfort, efficiency and confidence (3-6). Many patients describe finding themselves holding reading material further away, increasing text size on digital devices, experiencing greater visual fatigue, or requiring additional lighting for tasks that were previously effortless. Continued difficulty in focussing on near objects throughout the day can lead to increased administrative errors, reduced enjoyment of tasks, and pronounced mental and physical fatigue (6,7).
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Presbyopia develops as a result of gradual changes within the crystalline lens of the eye. In younger individuals, the lens is flexible and able to alter its shape in response to viewing demands, allowing clear focus at both distance and near (1,2, 9). As we age, the lens becomes progressively less elastic and increasingly resistant to these shape changes. Consequently, the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects diminishes, making sustained near tasks more challenging (1,2,6,8). Importantly, presbyopia is not a disease, nor does it indicate that the eyes are becoming unhealthy.
Presbyopia can be managed expertly through a range of visual solutions, including a range of spectacle lenses, contact lenses, or ocular surgery. Promisingly, pharmaceutical interventions are currently undergoing research and clinical trials, but the long term effects of such treatments remains unknown, and as such topical medications for presbyopia are not yet commercially available (10,11).
The visual demands associated with presbyopia vary considerably between individuals. An office worker who spends the majority of the day alternating between multiple screens has very different visual requirements to a construction worker requiring clear vision of the site whilst also being able to focus on plans, a healthcare practitioner examining patients or performing surgery, and an individual who frequently drives long distances whilst relying upon navigation systems and dashboard displays. Consequently, effective management requires a thorough understanding of the individual’s visual system, ocular health and the visual tasks they perform.
At Onèj Optometry, we take a personalised approach to the assessment and management of presbyopia. Comprehensive examination of the visual system allows us to evaluate refractive status, binocular vision, ocular health and the specific visual demands associated with your occupation, hobbies and lifestyle. Through careful assessment and discussion, we seek to understand not only how well you see, but how you use your vision throughout the day.
Modern spectacle lens technology has advanced considerably beyond traditional reading glasses. Premium multifocal and occupational lenses can provide seamless visual performance across multiple viewing distances, improving comfort and reducing the compromises often associated with conventional lens designs. At Onèj Optometry, we have partnered with internationally recognised lens manufacturers including Zeiss and Rodenstock to provide access to a comprehensive range of advanced lens technologies. These lenses are designed to support comfortable vision across the increasingly complex visual environments encountered in modern life, from prolonged digital device use to dynamic occupational and recreational activities.
Because no single lens design is appropriate for every individual, successful outcomes depend upon careful lens selection, precise measurements and a thorough understanding of a patient's visual requirements. Our role is to guide patients through this process, explaining available options clearly and recommending solutions that align with their specific needs and expectations.
At Onèj Optometry, we believe that vision should support the way you live, work and engage with the world. If you have noticed increasing difficulty with reading, digital devices or other near tasks, a comprehensive eye examination can determine whether presbyopia is contributing to your symptoms and identify the most appropriate management options. Through personalised assessment, evidence-based recommendations and carefully tailored visual solutions, we aim to help patients maintain comfortable, clear and effortless vision throughout every stage of life.
References
Zhang, G., Jiang, J., Wei, Q., & Qu, C. (2024). Effects of accommodation on geometrical parameters of human lens: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon, 10(8).
Davies, L. N., Biswas, S., Bullimore, M., Cruickshank, F., Estevez, J. J., Khanal, S., ... & Wolffsohn, J. S. (2024). BCLA CLEAR presbyopia: Mechanism and optics. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 47(4), 102185.
Shrivastava, S. R., Bobhate, P. S., & Meshram, P. (2025). Minimizing the burden of uncorrected presbyopia and its impact on reduced productivity. International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, 14(3), 266-268.
León Maldonado, L. N., Carrasco Romero, N. A., Núñez Carranza, K. L., & Molina-Montoya, N. P. (2023). Quality of life and productivity in uncorrected presbyope workers: systematic review.
Wolffsohn, J. S., Davies, L. N., & Sheppard, A. L. (2023). New insights in presbyopia: impact of correction strategies. BMJ open Ophthalmology, 8(1).
Brujic, M., Kruger, P., Todd, J., Barnes, E., Wuttke, M., Perna, F., & Aliò, J. (2022). Living with presbyopia: experiences from a virtual roundtable dialogue among impacted individuals and healthcare professionals. BMC ophthalmology, 22(1), 204.
Stokes, J., Shirneshan, E., Graham, C. A., Paulich, M., & Johnson, N. (2022). Exploring the experience of living with and managing presbyopia. Optometry and Vision Science, 99(8), 635-644.
Rich, W., & Reilly, M. A. (2023). A review of lens biomechanical contributions to presbyopia. Current eye research, 48(2), 182-194.
Markoulli, M., Fricke, T. R., Arvind, A., Frick, K. D., Hart, K. M., Joshi, M. R., ... & Wolffsohn, J. S. (2024). BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 47(4), 102157.
Orman, B., & Benozzi, G. (2023). Pharmacological treatments for presbyopia. Drugs & Aging, 40(2), 105-116.
Delanghe, J. R. (2026). Pharmacological treatment of presbyopia. Acta Clinica Belgica, 1-7.